Delivery during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support of pregnant woman with severe respiratory distress syndrome caused by influenza: a case report and review of the literature

Objective: To report a case of labour induction during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support in a patient with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) caused by influenza and review of the literature.

Methods: Case report and the literature search of all English articles on delivery while on ECMO in patients with ARDS caused by influenza.

Results: A 25-year-old pregnant woman was initiated with ECMO due to severe ARDS caused by influenza A (H1N1) virus. When the patient had symptoms of colporrhagia and uterine contractions, the medical team decided to start labour induction while on ECMO. There were in total five case reports identified. Maternal oxygenation was improved after delivery and ECMO was successfully discontinued.

Conclusions: Maternal oxygenation was improved after delivery, which may be beneficial to reduce the duration of ECMO. Caesarean section (CS) may be the most used mode and labour induction could be another option. The procedure should be performed by an experienced ECMO team, cooperating with the obstetrician, anaesthesiologist, and ICU doctors.     

山东省2016-2017年人群烟草使用及其影响因素调查

目的 了解山东省人群烟草使用现状以及主要影响因素。方法 运用多阶段分层整群抽样方法,在山东省36个区（县）216个村（居委会）抽取调查对象,使用非条件logistic回归模型进行多因素分析。结果 有效调查6 271人,经过复杂加权计算后,≥ 15岁人群现在吸烟率为23.93%,其中男性为45.58%,女性为1.18%;不同年龄组人群现在吸烟率差别较大,45~64岁年龄组现在吸烟率最高（25.07%）;不同文化程度人群吸烟率不同,初中文化程度者现在吸烟率最高（28.94%）;农村现在吸烟率（24.98%）高于城市（23.08%）;现在每日吸烟率为20.23%,吸烟者开始吸烟平均年龄为21.21岁,日平均吸机制卷烟量为16.31支;在调查所有曾经和现在吸烟者中,戒烟率为20.79%。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,性别、年龄、职业、地区、健康知识得分与吸烟行为存在关联。男性现在吸烟率高于女性（OR=49.625,95%CI：37.832~65.093）,45~64岁组现在吸烟率高于15~24岁组（OR=1.830,95%CI：1.048~3.194）,农林牧渔从业者现在吸烟率分别高于医务人员（OR=0.403,95%CI：0.187~0.866）和离退休人员（OR=0.648,95%CI：0.481~0.873）,中部地区居民现在吸烟率低于东部（OR=0.724,95%CI：0.606~0.865）,吸烟危害健康知识得分1~3分组现在吸烟率高于4~6分组（OR=1.432,95%CI：1.240~1.654）。结论 山东省人群吸烟率处于较高水平,应对吸烟者开展控烟健康教育等综合性干预措施,以降低人群吸烟率。     

Diagnostic delay of pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial infection in China

Background

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infection is an emerging, but neglected public health concern in China.

Findings

To investigate diagnostic delay of NTM diseases in China, we analyzed 91 patients with pulmonary NTM infection in ShandongProvince. The median diagnostic delay time of the analyzed patients was 84 days, which was significantly associated with rural inhabitance (135 days vs. 73 days of urban inhabitance, p?<?0.01) and lower level of first visiting hospitals/clinics (70 and 82 days of tertiary and secondary hospitals/clinics respectively vs. 120 days of primary hospitals/clinics, p?<?0.05). M. farcinogenes was isolated from a 79-year-old male patient, which is the first report of pulmonary infection in humans.

Conclusions

Our results indicate a significant diagnostic delay of NTM diseases in China, especially for rural patients with limited access to higher-level healthcare services.

     

二代测序技术应用于脑脊液检测在结核性脑膜炎中的早期诊断价值

目的评价二代测序技术应用于脑脊液检测在结核性脑膜炎（TBM）患者中的早期诊断价值。 方法前瞻性纳入2018年2月2日至2018年8月2日于山东省胸科医院就诊的临床怀疑TBM的患者共50例,并跟踪随访其诊疗结局。送检脑脊液标本均进行二代测序,测序所得原始序列与病原微生物数据库进行对比得到最终结果。二代测序结果以检测到结核分枝杆菌复合群唯一比对序列为阳性,未检测到唯一比对序列为阴性。以符合脑脊液结核分枝杆菌培养阳性、涂片阳性、Xpert MTB/RIF检测阳性及结核分枝杆菌核酸检测阳性等4项中至少1项即为确诊TBM患者;临床可疑TBM且抗结核治疗有效为临床诊断患者;有其他病原学依据或临床排除TBM者为非TBM患者。分析二代测序在TBM早期诊断中的敏感性和特异度。 结果确诊为TBM患者22例中Xpert MTB/RIF检测阳性13例,培养阳性6例,结核分枝杆菌核酸PCR检测阳性5例,临床诊断为TBM患者12例,非TBM患者16例。在确诊及临床诊断患者中,二代测序技术检测到结核分枝杆菌复合群系列20例,敏感性为58.8%（20/34）,特异度为100%（16/16）。在确诊患者中,二代测序的敏感性为63.6%（14/22）;在同步进行结核分枝杆菌培养、Xpert MTB/RIF检测与二代测序的50例标本中,以临床诊断为标准,3种方法的特异度均为100%（16/16）;传统方法、Xpert MTB/RIF检测及二代测序的敏感性分别为29.4%（10/34）、38.2（13/24）和58.8（20/34）,前两种检测方法与二代测序敏感性差异均有统计学意义（McNemar检验：χ² = 8.333、P = 0.013,χ² = 8.333、P = 0.065）。传统方法与二代测序联合检测的敏感性高达82.4%（28/34）。 结论二代测序技术能够较快速地检测脑脊液中的结核分枝杆菌复合群,且其敏感性和特异度均较高,可作为TBM的早期诊断指标。二代测序联合传统检测方法可提高检出率。     

环境烟草烟雾对小鼠泪膜功能和角膜上皮组织结构的影响

目的　探讨环境烟草烟雾（enviromental tobacco smoke,ETS）对小鼠泪膜功能和角膜上皮组织结构的影响。方法　选取SPF级c57BL雄性小鼠12只,随机分为对照组和ETS干预组,每组6只。对照组不进行ETS干预,ETS干预组进行ETS干预,每天2次,一次30 min,干预12周。在干预前及干预后对各组小鼠进行泪膜功能检测,包括泪膜破裂时间、荧光素染色(FL)评分;干预后摘取小鼠角膜组织,行HE染色,在光学显微镜下观察小鼠角膜上皮结构变化情况。结果　干预12周后,对照组泪膜破裂时间和FL评分与干预前相比,差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05);而ETS干预组泪膜破裂时间较干预前明显缩短,FL评分较干预前明显增加,差异均有统计学意义（均为P<0.05)。ETS干预组干预12周后泪膜破裂时间较对照组明显缩短,FL评分较对照组明显增加,差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.05);两组干预前泪膜破裂时间和FL评分差异均不明显（均为P>0.05）。FL染色结果显示:干预12周后,对照组小鼠角膜上皮完整,角膜染色呈阴性;ETS干预组整个角膜上皮荧光素着染区域明显增加,呈点片状。HE染色结果显示:干预12周后,对照组未见角膜上皮层数的改变,厚度也基本未变,基底细胞仍为单层柱状上皮细胞,表层上皮较完整;ETS干预组可见角膜上皮细胞层数增多,厚度增加,细胞排列紊乱,表层上皮细胞有损失及脱落,角膜表面不光滑。干预前对照组小鼠上皮细胞为（5±1）层,干预后基本不变;ETS干预组干预后为（7±1）层;干预后两组上皮细胞层数比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论　ETS会影响小鼠泪膜功能,损伤小鼠角膜上皮的组织结构。     

Molecular typing and drug susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from Chongqing Municipality,China

China’s tuberculosis (TB) burden is second only to that of India worldwide. In Chongqing, the largest municipality in southwestern China, although the prevalence of both TB and drug-resistant TB is higher than in other municipalities, the molecular characteristics and drug susceptibility phenotypes are poorly known. In this study, 297 Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from Chongqing were genotyped with spacer oligonucleotide typing (spoligotyping) and 28-locus MIRU-VNTR (24-locus MIRU-VNTR scheme and 4 other loci). Spoligotyping results were compared with drug-resistant profiles. Patients who showed clustering by both spoligotyping and 28-locus MIRU-VNTR were interviewed to investigate their detailed contact history. Our data demonstrated that the Beijing genotype was the most prevalent genotype, and ST1 was the most predominant lineage in Chongqing. The Beijing genotype was significantly associated with ethambutol resistance and multidrug-resistant phenotypes. A combination of the 10 most polymorphic loci permitted to achieve higher discriminatory power than 24-VNTR. In addition, a presumed transmission pathway was observed in a cluster of patients with the same MIRU-VNTR profile. The 10-VNTR locus set is suitable for genotyping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Chongqing.     

甲泼尼龙治疗重症肌无力的疗效

目的:评价甲泼尼龙治疗重症肌无力(MG)的临床效果。方法:对大剂量甲泼尼龙冲击(MPPT)治疗的34例MC病人于治疗前及治疗后分别进行临床评分,乙酰胆碱受体抗体(AChRAb)滴度,CD4~+CD25~+调节性T细胞(CD4~+CD25~+Tr)数量检测。结果:MPPT治疗MG后,1wk时临床显效率56%,3 mo时临床显效率为79%,总有效率为91%。治疗3mo后血清AChRAb滴度无明显变化(P＞0．05),CD4~+CD25~+Tr百分率明显升高,与治疗前相比差别有非常显著意义(P＜0．01)。结论:甲泼尼龙治疗重症肌无力的疗效好,可促进CD4~+CD25~+Tr细胞比率升高,值得临床推广。